Meanings
A consequence of an economic activity that affects third parties who did not choose to be involved in that activity.
ایک اقتصادی سرگرمی کے نتیجے میں پیدا ہونے والا اثر جو تیسرے فریق پر اثر انداز ہوتا ہے جو اس سرگرمی میں شامل ہونے کا انتخاب نہیں کرتا۔
بیرونی اثر
bairuni asar
Synonyms
Antonyms
Common Collocations
- positive externality
- negative externality
- market externality
Example Sentences
Pollution is a negative externality of industrial activity.
آلودگی صنعتی سرگرمی کا ایک منفی بیرونی اثر ہے۔
Aloodgi san'ati sargarmi ka aik manfi bairuni asar hai.
The public park provides positive externalities to the surrounding community.
عمومی پارک ارد گرد کی کمیونٹی کے لیے مثبت بیرونی اثرات فراہم کرتا ہے۔
Aamumi park ard gird ki community ke liye musbat bairuni asraat faraham karta hai.
Taxes are often levied to mitigate negative externalities.
منفی بیرونی اثرات کو کم کرنے کے لیے ٹیکس عائد کیے جاتے ہیں۔
Manfi bairuni asraat ko kam karne ke liye tax aa'id kiye jate hain.
Easily Confused With
Word Family
See Also
💡 Memory Tip
Think of externality as an 'external effect' impacting others.
Imagine a factory polluting a river that affects everyone downstream.
✍️ Urdu Poetry
🗣️ Urdu Proverb
📖 Etymology
Origin: Latin "externalitas" — outwardness
First known use: 20th century
The term 'externality' was adopted in economic theory to describe the costs or benefits incurred by third parties who are not part of a transaction. It became prominent during the 20th century with the rise of welfare economics.